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    • 专利摘要:
    Hygiene of faecal material by heating fine BDT water in an insulated double two-chamber well.SummaryThe invention is primarily applicable to the previously patented extraction system (patent 0501865-0), in which the hydroelectric toilet waste from a law-flushing water toilet with or without urine separation is taken to a sludge separator for faecal material and then to a collection tank. From here it can be retrieved and crowned to a farmer's urine well.The main idea is that since the faecal material is bypassed by a large amount of flushing water, the salts in the faecal material will diffuse out to the flushing liquid and thus reach the collection tank. The final saline solution will therefore contain the plant nutrients from both urine and faeces.The absolutely crucial limitation in this system is that the saline solution is contaminated with infectious faecal material and must be stored in the farmer's urine well before spreading. This meant major logistics problems both with regard to transports and that the farmer had to be able to store the narsalt solution in an entire dr.The pity is that the narcissus solution that collects in the individual collection tanks from the very beginning is fully hygienized, so that it can be pdfOras the cultivated land ndr as heist during the year without storage in the farmer's urine well.To achieve this hygiene, a two-chamber well for faecal material is built together with a two-chamber well for BDT water in a water-insulated unit, dd. the 30-35 degree BDT water heats the plant to 20 - ° C. At this temperature, the survival time for both bacteria and viruses is reduced to about one week, which together with the 2 man long passage time through the two-chamber well of the toilet waste means that our saline solution is fully hygienized; the content of eg Echo and Coxsackie viruses will be less than 0.Similarly, the virus content in BDT water is reduced, which changes the "quality" useful for beach baths, which is the requirement usually placed on renal BDT water.The content of microorganisms in faecal sludge will also be reduced, which together with lime treatment allows it to be deposited on. the ground under a plastic sheet.
    公开号:SE1200280A1
    申请号:SE1200280
    申请日:2012-05-09
    公开日:2013-11-10
    发明作者:Mats Wolgast
    申请人:Mats Wolgast；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description, general partThis present invention is primarily applicable to the previously developed so-called "extraction system" (patent 0501865-0), where the low-salt toilet waste is transported to a sludge separator and then to a collection tank (see figure below).To biogasTo urinary wellFrom WCSlamavski IjareUppsam I ingstankThe important idea is that since the faecal material is bypassed by a large amount of flushing water, the nutrients in faecal material will diffuse out to the flushing sink and thus reach the collection tank (see arrow mark P for phosphorus). The final nasal solution will thus contain the plant nutrients in both urine and faeces. The latter, on the other hand, will be low in salt.
    The technique is of course also applicable to the type of separation toilet where urine is collected in front of a small embankment in the front part of the toilet shell, while faecal material is flushed out in a conventional manner.
    The obvious weakness is that the narcissus solution can contain a large amount of pathogenic bacteria and viruses and therefore must be hygienized. The simplest method is hdr, that as the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency prescribes, store the sink for 6 people for spreading. The individual collection tanks must therefore accommodate the narsalt solution in 6 men.
    A further problem is that if the spread on the arable land takes place in May, then the individual collection tanks must be emptied and transported to a farmer's urine well for a few days in December the year before. This entailed logistical problems that would probably harm the effort to return human plant nutrients to agricultural land.
    Immediately after spreading, the individual collection tanks must be emptied and the contents drained to the farmer's urine well for a few days again, which in the same way is a logistics problem. The farmer had to store this narcissistic solution, as he could hardly spread the 6 men later in December, but in another 6 men until the next month in May. The farmer's urine well must therefore be able to store one year of saline solution, which of course entailed large installation costs.The obvious wish is that the nutrient solution in the individual collection tank is already fully hygienized, so that it can be transported to a farmer's urine well at any time during the year and that no storage time in the farmer's well is necessary. This is also the form of the present invention.2To illustrate the goal setting, the hygiene requirements according to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency are:BEACH BATHUseful Coliforms <500 anta1 / 100 mlE. Coli <100Useful with Koliformer 500-10 000 .25_remark E. Coli 100-1000Unsightly Coliforms> 10,000 - "-E. Coli> 1000 _ „_DRINKING WATERUseful Coliforms <anta1 / 100 mlE. Coli 0, 1Useful with Coliforms 50-500 _ „_remark E. Coli 0- ,,Untouchable Coliforms> 500 ,,E. Coli>Now E. coli is hardly a pathogenic bacterium, but an indicator of a pathogenic bacterium such as Salmonella or gastrointestinal virus such as Eco- and Coxsackieviruses.
    It should be noted that the infection dose for gastrointestinal bacteria such as Salmonella in most cases is around several thousand bacteria, and then the above requirements seem to be relevant. However, the requirements may be applicable to gastrointestinal viruses such as Echo and Coxackieviruses, where the infection dose amounts to perhaps 10 virus particles. The survival time for viruses is also significantly longer, while bacteria only survive a few weeks. It is also the gastrointestinal virus that is the focus of this application.
    Most gastrointestinal viruses in themselves give only a banal and rapid Transient gastrointestinal disease often referred to as "summer sickness", but in some cases serious neurological complications develop. It can be mentioned as a comparison that in the great polio epidemics of the 1950s, a large proportion of the population probably fell ill, but only a fatal one developed the typical paralysis, poliomyelitis. The vaccination program was the solution to this plague, but there is reason to believe that the Echo and Coxsackie viruses have taken over the role.
    The invention is based on the fact that the survival time of gastrointestinal virus decreases sharply with temperature. In our own experiments, the survival time at temperatures close to zero can be one year and at ° C as long as 3-4 men. At twenty degrees, however, the survival time decreases to about one week (see figures below).
    The same grid for Other also for a gastrointestinal bacterium such as Salmonella (extrapolated from control data by Ottoson, J., Nordin, A. and Vinnerds, B. Ammonia and urea manure hygienisation, Uppsala 2006, ISSN 1652-3237).3daysDescription, special partTo achieve a temperature of ° C, a two-chamber well for BDT water has been built together with a two-chamber well for toilet waste (see figures), where each of these 4 chambers has a volume of about 600 liters. The toilet water then goes to a combined pump and inspection well of 200 liters and then to a collection tank (the latter is not shown).
    The sludge separator is insulated with 5 - 10 cm ground slabs, while the bottom remains uninsulated. The upper part comes then. to be relatively warm and the lower part relatively cold, which favors the temperature stratification.
    Since the temperature of the 30 - 35 degree BDT water is as Mgt as 300 Udygn, while the flow of toilet water in the developed toilet is only 20 l / day, the temperature of the toilet water will increase up to only a flag degree below that of the BDT water . The heat losses are more important and lower the temperature to 20 - ° C.
    Calculating the content of microorganisms in the two chambers of the sludge separator is practically impossible, but we can assume that the rinsing water, due to a good separation, contains only 1% faecal material and therefore only 1% of the microorganisms. This was supported by the observation that outgoing water is completely clear. Even with this assumption, the number in an acute infection can be as much as 8 per person per day. In this case and under the pessimistic assumption that each chamber is completely mixed, the content of the microorganisms in the effluent water is expected to reach a stable level of about 90/100 ml. If this water is transferred to a collection tank of a few thousand liters, the bacterial or virus content will be below zero.
    The same dilution Oiler also when transferring to the sludge separator for BDT water.
    In the case of good layering, the two chambers can be divided into two compartments of about 300 l each, in which case the bacterial content in outgoing water is less than 0. The system thus allows an approximateao60100Number of viruses max number = 110.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1° C4perfect hygiene said that the water in the collection tank directly paforas agricultural land without real risk of infection.
    The system also provides a significant reduction of bacteria in the BDT water, although the flow of 300 l / day provides a significantly shorter passage time of just over 4 days. An advantage, however, is that the content of, for example, E. Coli in BDT water only amounts to about 1% of that in toilet water. If the same mathematics is applied, the bacterial content in outgoing water from the pump well is calculated to be 150/100 ml. The water is then acceptable for beach baths with, according to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, the quality "pleasant with remarks". An additional inspection well would raise the quality to "girlish father beach bath". Since this is the quality sought after infiltration, it would be sufficient to only sand filter the BDT water from the sludge separator.
    The system meant that the bacterial content in the faecal sludge was also low. Due to the large volume of the faecal sludge separator, it is possible to collect for three years, ie 156 weeks, while the only fraction that may include risk is that which has been deposited during perhaps a week before sludge emptying. The "treatment" is then 0.5 / 156 = 0.3%, which is of the same order of magnitude as for a modem municipal treatment plant - and such water is used, among other things. a. in Uppsala used for irrigation of agricultural frogs without any problems.
    By using the same lime treatment that was previously used for latrine or added ash, the bacterial content can drop to a full level (Ottoson, J., Nordin, A. and Vinneras, B. Ammonia and urea manure hygienisation, Uppsala 2006, ISSN 1652-3237 ).
    The sludge can therefore be pumped up and deposited directly on the ground, for example in a 3 x 3 m large and 10 cm high wooden frame thanks to a tarpaulin to avoid unpleasant odors. This is probably due to a dry period, when the water that filters down does not reach more than 10 cm below the ground surface and does not contaminate the groundwater. Another alternative is to return the excess water to the sludge separator. The material will then formulate, but as previously stated, it is low in salt.
    Of course, the family in question at this time should not suffer from an acute gastrointestinal infection.
    Figure descriptionThe upper part of the figure shows the arrangement with a double sludge separator, one for BDT water (on the left) divided into two chambers (1) and (2) and one for the toilet waste (on the right) with the chambers (3) and (4). As shown in the picture, the unit is heat-insulated with 5 - 10 cm thick ground slabs (3), in addition to the bottom, the latter to get a good layering of the water.
    The water then goes on to a combined pump and inspection well and then to a collection tank.
    Another option is to feed the water to the sludge separator for BDT water, as it will infiltrate together with BDT water. .
    The lower part of the figure shows a cross section of the faecal sludge separator with its two chambers (4 and 5) of about 600 l each and a combined pump and sampling well (6) of about 200 l.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1. that the 2 two-chamber wells are united in a heat-insulated unit so that the energy in the 30-35 degree BDT water heats the toilet water to a temperature of 20 - ° C, which greatly reduces the survival time of pathogenic bacteria and viruses which together with the long the passage time through the sludge separator provides complete hygiene so that the narsalt solution can be used directly Mom plant cultivation.
    [2]
    Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the purified toilet water is led to the sludge separator for BDT water, which provides such good hygiene that the BDT water after the sludge separation is "good edge for beach baths".
    [3]
    Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that it also hygienises the BDT water so that the sludge separator is a "good edge for beach baths" and can therefore be used for irrigation without further purification by infiltration or soil bathing.
    [4]
    Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized by acidification of faecal sludge in the first chamber of the sludge separator, preferably during the times of the day when the toilet is not in use.
    [5]
    Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that faecal sludge is pumped up and deposited under a tarpaulin on the ground, where the excess water is either filtered through the soil layers or returned to the sludge separator, while the faecal material decomposes. 6 • 7
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SE537236C2|2015-03-10|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2019-01-02| NUG| Patent has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1200280A|SE537236C2|2012-05-09|2012-05-09|Double insulated two-chamber well for hygiene of faecal material|SE1200280A| SE537236C2|2012-05-09|2012-05-09|Double insulated two-chamber well for hygiene of faecal material|
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